Denmark before & during WW2 History Timeline and Biographies

The Rise of the Danish National Socialist Party

In 1933, the Danish National Socialist Party gained traction, reflecting the growing influence of fascist ideologies in Europe. This marked the beginning of political tension in Denmark as the party sought to align Denmark with Nazi Germany's policies.

Denmark's Neutrality in World War II

When World War II erupted in September 1939, Denmark declared its neutrality. However, this stance would soon be tested as the war escalated across Europe, affecting Denmark's security and political landscape.

German Occupation of Denmark

On April 9, 1940, Germany invaded Denmark in Operation Weserübung. The Danish government capitulated within hours, leading to a five-year occupation that profoundly impacted Danish society and governance.

The Danish Government's Collaboration with Germany

Following the occupation, the Danish government chose a policy of cooperation with the German authorities, aiming to minimize conflict and maintain some degree of autonomy. This decision was controversial and led to divisions within Danish society.

The Formation of the Danish Resistance Movement

By 1941, various groups began forming the Danish Resistance Movement, opposing the German occupation. This movement would grow in strength and organization, conducting sabotage operations against German forces and collaborating with the Allies.

The Jewish Rescue Operation

In the summer of 1943, as the Nazis intensified their anti-Jewish measures, the Danish Resistance helped approximately 7,200 Jews escape to Sweden, showcasing Denmark's moral stance against Nazi persecution.

The End of Cooperation with German Authorities

In August 1943, the Danish government resigned in protest against German demands for more stringent measures against the Jewish population. This marked a significant shift in Denmark's relationship with the Nazis and led to increased resistance activities.

Escalation of Resistance Activities

Throughout 1944, the Danish Resistance intensified its sabotage efforts, targeting German military installations and infrastructure. These actions aimed to undermine the German war effort and support the Allied cause.

Liberation of Denmark

On May 5, 1945, Denmark was liberated by British forces, marking the end of the German occupation. This event was celebrated nationwide and initiated a period of reflection and rebuilding for Denmark after the war.

Post-War Trials and Accountability

Following liberation, Denmark initiated trials against collaborators and individuals who had supported the Nazi regime. This process aimed to address the complex moral and ethical implications of the occupation.

Reconstruction of Danish Society

In the aftermath of World War II, Denmark focused on rebuilding its society and economy. Efforts included reforming political structures and addressing the needs of those affected by the war, including returning resistance fighters.

Denmark's Role in the United Nations

In 1946, Denmark became a founding member of the United Nations, reflecting its commitment to international cooperation and peace-building in the post-war world, moving away from the isolationist policies of the pre-war years.

Denmark Joins NATO

In 1949, Denmark joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), solidifying its commitment to collective defense and marking a significant shift in its foreign policy in the context of the Cold War and its experiences during World War II.