chola empire timeline History Timeline and Biographies

c. 300 BCE

Early Chola Kingdom Formation

The origins of the Chola dynasty can be traced back to around 300 BCE, when they emerged as a significant kingdom in southern India. They were known to be one of the three ancient Tamil dynasties, alongside the Pandayas and the Cheras.

c. 850 CE

Rise of Vijayalaya Chola

Vijayalaya Chola, the founder of the medieval Chola dynasty, established his rule around 850 CE, marking the beginning of the Chola Empire timeline. He captured the city of Thanjavur, which became the empire's capital and a cultural hub.

c. 880 CE

Expansion under Aditya I

Aditya I, the son of Vijayalaya Chola, expanded the empire's territories significantly, defeating the Pandya and Chera kingdoms. His reign solidified the Chola's power in southern India and laid the foundation for further conquests.

c. 905 CE

Rajaraja Chola I Ascends to the Throne

Rajaraja Chola I ascended to the throne in 985 CE and is credited with transforming the Chola Empire into a formidable power. His reign marked the beginning of the empire's golden age, characterized by military conquests and cultural advancements.

c. 1010 CE

Conquest of Sri Lanka

Under Rajaraja Chola I, the Chola Empire expanded its influence by conquering parts of Sri Lanka. This marked a significant expansion in the Chola Empire timeline, establishing the empire as a dominant maritime power in the Indian Ocean.

c. 1014 CE

Rajaraja Chola I's Temple Projects

During his reign, Rajaraja Chola I commissioned the construction of the Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage site. This temple is an iconic symbol of Chola architecture and reflects the empire's cultural achievements.

c. 1050 CE

Rajaraja Chola II and Further Expansion

Rajaraja Chola II continued the legacy of his predecessors by further expanding the empire's territories, including conquests in Southeast Asia. The Chola Empire timeline saw the empire reach its zenith during this period, influencing trade across the region.

c. 1070 CE

Naval Dominance in Southeast Asia

The Chola Empire established itself as a naval power, dominating trade routes in Southeast Asia. The empire's navy facilitated trade and cultural exchanges, further enhancing its influence in the region.

c. 1130 CE

Decline of the Chola Empire

The Chola Empire began to decline in the 12th century due to internal strife and external pressures from rival kingdoms, including the Pandyas and the Hoysalas. This marked a significant turning point in the Chola Empire timeline, leading to fragmentation of power.

c. 1200 CE

End of Chola Rule in Tamil Nadu

By the early 13th century, the Chola Empire had lost its dominance in Tamil Nadu, with the rise of the Pandya dynasty and other regional powers. This marked the end of the Chola Empire’s significant influence in southern India.

c. 1250 CE

Legacy of the Chola Empire

Despite its decline, the legacy of the Chola Empire continued to influence South Indian culture, architecture, and governance. The Chola Empire timeline remains a testament to the rich history and contributions of this remarkable dynasty.

c. 1300 CE

The cultural and artistic achievements of the Chola Empire continued to inspire subsequent generations, particularly in temple architecture and bronze sculpture. The impact of the Chola Empire timeline can be seen in various aspects of Tamil culture even today.

c. 1500 CE

The Chola Empire's maritime trade routes established long-lasting cultural ties with Southeast Asia, influencing local art, architecture, and governance. This connection is a significant aspect of the Chola Empire timeline, showcasing its far-reaching impact.

c. 1600 CE

By the 17th century, historians and scholars began to recognize and document the achievements of the Chola Empire, leading to a revival of interest in its history and contributions to Indian civilization. The Chola Empire timeline has become an essential part of Indian heritage studies.