Eras egipciad History Timeline and Biographies

3100 BC

Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

Around 3100 BC, King Narmer (also known as Menes) unified Upper and Lower Egypt, marking the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Eras egipciad. This unification established the foundation for a centralized state and the development of a distinct Egyptian identity.

2686 BC

Construction of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara

The Step Pyramid of Djoser, built during the Third Dynasty, is considered the first monumental stone structure in Eras egipciad. Designed by the architect Imhotep, it marked a significant advancement in architectural techniques and served as a precursor to later pyramids.

2580 BC

The Great Pyramid of Giza is Constructed

The Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu, is one of the most iconic symbols of Eras egipciad. Completed around 2580 BC, it remains one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and showcases the engineering prowess of ancient Egyptians.

2150 BC

The Decline of the Old Kingdom

The Old Kingdom of Eras egipciad began to decline around 2150 BC due to a combination of factors, including political instability, famine, and the rise of local governors. This period of decline led to the First Intermediate Period, characterized by fragmentation and disunity.

2055 BC

The Reunification of Egypt and the Middle Kingdom Begins

Mentuhotep II successfully reunified Egypt around 2055 BC, marking the start of the Middle Kingdom. This era is noted for its cultural renaissance, advancements in literature, and significant building projects in Eras egipciad.

1550 BC

The Rise of the New Kingdom

The New Kingdom, often considered the height of Eras egipciad, began around 1550 BC. This period saw the expansion of Egypt's empire, increased wealth, and the construction of magnificent temples and tombs, including the Valley of the Kings.

1300 BC

Reign of Pharaoh Ramses II

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, ruled from 1279 to 1213 BC and is one of the most celebrated pharaohs of Eras egipciad. His reign is marked by military conquests, monumental architecture, and extensive building projects, including the temples at Abu Simbel.

1070 BC

The End of the New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period Begins

The New Kingdom of Eras egipciad ended around 1070 BC, leading to the Third Intermediate Period. This era was characterized by political fragmentation, invasions, and the rise of foreign powers in Egypt.

664 BC

The Saite Dynasty and the Restoration of Central Authority

The Saite Dynasty, which began around 664 BC, marked a period of restoration in Eras egipciad. The pharaohs of this dynasty sought to revive the glory of the past, leading to renewed artistic and architectural achievements.

332 BC

Conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt, marking the beginning of Hellenistic influence in Eras egipciad. He was welcomed as a liberator and founded the city of Alexandria, which became a center of culture and learning.

30 BC

The Roman Conquest of Egypt

Following the defeat of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC. This marked the end of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the incorporation of Eras egipciad into Roman rule.

395 AD

Division of the Roman Empire and the Rise of Byzantine Influence

In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided, and Egypt became part of the Eastern Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire. This period saw the introduction of Christianity and significant cultural changes in Eras egipciad.

641 AD

The Arab Conquest of Egypt

The Arab conquest of Egypt in 641 AD marked a significant turning point in the history of Eras egipciad. The introduction of Islam transformed the cultural and religious landscape of Egypt, leading to the decline of Byzantine influence.

1517 AD

Ottoman Rule Established in Egypt

In 1517, Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire, marking another significant chapter in the history of Eras egipciad. Ottoman rule lasted for several centuries and influenced various aspects of Egyptian culture and governance.

1922 AD

Egypt Gains Independence from British Rule

In 1922, Egypt officially gained independence from British rule, marking the end of colonial dominance and the beginning of modern Egyptian governance. This event is crucial in the contemporary history of Eras egipciad.