Birth of Jose de San Martin
Jose de San Martin was born on February 25, 1778, in Yapeyú, in the present-day province of Corrientes, Argentina. His early life was influenced by the colonial environment of Spanish America.
San Martin's Military Career Begins
In 1808, Jose de San Martin joined the Spanish army, where he quickly rose through the ranks and gained valuable military experience that would later aid in his role as a liberator.
Return to Buenos Aires
In 1810, San Martin returned to Buenos Aires after the May Revolution, which marked the beginning of the independence movement in Argentina. He became involved in the revolutionary government and began organizing military efforts against Spanish rule.
Formation of the Army of the North
In 1812, Jose de San Martin was appointed as the commander of the Army of the North, where he led campaigns against Spanish royalist forces in northern Argentina, solidifying his reputation as a military leader.
Campaign in Upper Peru
San Martin led a campaign in Upper Peru (now Bolivia) in 1814, although it faced challenges, his efforts contributed to the overall struggle for independence in the region.
Declaration of Independence
On July 9, 1816, Argentina declared its independence from Spain. Jose de San Martin played a crucial role in this historic event, advocating for freedom and unity among the provinces.
Crossing the Andes
In January 1817, San Martin began his famous campaign to liberate Chile by crossing the Andes Mountains with his army, which was a remarkable military feat that demonstrated his strategic prowess.
Battle of Maipú
On April 5, 1818, San Martin achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Maipú, securing Chile's independence from Spanish rule and further solidifying his status as a key leader in the independence movement.
Return to Argentina
After successfully liberating Chile, Jose de San Martin returned to Argentina to continue his efforts against Spanish forces and to promote the cause of independence across South America.
Liberation of Peru
In 1821, San Martin led his forces into Peru and proclaimed its independence on July 28, establishing a protectorate and working towards the liberation of the entire country from Spanish control.
Meeting with Simón Bolívar
In 1822, Jose de San Martin met with fellow liberator Simón Bolívar in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where they discussed the future of Peru and the independence movement. The meeting was significant but resulted in differing visions for the region's future.
Retirement from Military Life
After the liberation of Peru, San Martin retired from military life in 1824, disillusioned by political conflicts and the lack of unity among the newly independent nations of South America.
Death of Jose de San Martin
Jose de San Martin passed away on August 17, 1850, in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. His contributions to the independence of Argentina, Chile, and Peru have made him a revered figure in South American history.
San Martin's Remains Returned to Argentina
In 1863, the remains of Jose de San Martin were returned to Argentina, where they were interred in the Cathedral of Buenos Aires, honoring his legacy as a national hero.
