Isabela y Fernando de Aragon History Timeline and Biographies

Marriage of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon

Isabela y Fernando de Aragon were married on October 19, 1469, in a union that united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, laying the foundation for a unified Spain. This marriage was politically motivated to strengthen their respective crowns against external threats.

Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition

In 1478, Isabela y Fernando de Aragon established the Spanish Inquisition to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms. This institution aimed to identify and persecute heretics, leading to widespread religious persecution and the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain.

Completion of the Reconquista and Columbus's Voyage

In 1492, Isabela y Fernando de Aragon completed the Reconquista by capturing Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain. This victory solidified their power and allowed them to focus on overseas exploration, leading to the sponsorship of Christopher Columbus's voyage, which resulted in the discovery of the Americas.

Expulsion of the Jews from Spain

In the same year, Isabela y Fernando de Aragon issued the Alhambra Decree, expelling all Jews from Spain unless they converted to Christianity. This decision had a profound impact on Spanish society and economy, as many Jews were prominent in trade and finance.

Treaty of Tordesillas

In 1494, Isabela y Fernando de Aragon negotiated the Treaty of Tordesillas with Portugal, which divided newly discovered lands between the two countries. This treaty established Spain's claim to vast territories in the Americas, shaping colonial expansion for centuries.

Death of Isabela I of Castile

Isabela I of Castile passed away on November 26, 1504. Her death marked the end of an era, as she had been a key figure in the unification of Spain and the promotion of Catholicism. Her legacy continued through her daughter, Juana, who became Queen of Castile.

Death of Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus, the explorer sponsored by Isabela y Fernando de Aragon, died on May 20, 1506. His voyages had opened up the Americas to European exploration and colonization, fundamentally altering the course of history and expanding Spanish influence globally.

Union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon

Following the death of Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1516, the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united under Charles I of Spain, marking the continuation of the legacy of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon in the formation of a unified Spanish monarchy.

Marriage Alliance with Habsburgs

In 1526, Charles I of Spain, grandson of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon, married Isabella of Portugal, strengthening ties with the Habsburg dynasty. This alliance further consolidated Spain's power in Europe and its overseas empire.

Madrid Becomes Capital of Spain

In 1561, Madrid was declared the capital of Spain by King Philip II, the grandson of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon. This decision was pivotal in establishing Madrid as the political center of Spain, furthering the legacy of the Catholic Monarchs.

Expulsion of the Moriscos

In 1609, the Spanish crown began the expulsion of the Moriscos, descendants of Muslim converts to Christianity. This action was a continuation of the policies initiated by Isabela y Fernando de Aragon, aimed at enforcing religious uniformity in Spain.

End of the Habsburg Dynasty in Spain

In 1700, the death of Charles II marked the end of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. The legacy of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon continued to influence Spanish politics and society as the Bourbon dynasty rose to power following the War of Spanish Succession.

400th Anniversary of Columbus's Voyage

The year 1892 marked the 400th anniversary of Columbus's voyage, which was sponsored by Isabela y Fernando de Aragon. This anniversary was celebrated in Spain and the Americas, highlighting the enduring impact of the Catholic Monarchs on global exploration and colonization.

500th Anniversary of Columbus's Voyage

In 1992, Spain celebrated the 500th anniversary of Columbus's voyage, reflecting on the legacy of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon and their role in the Age of Discovery. The event included various cultural and historical commemorations throughout Spain and the Americas.

Ongoing Legacy of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon

As of 2024, the legacy of Isabela y Fernando de Aragon continues to be a subject of study and debate. Their reign is often viewed as a pivotal moment in history that not only shaped Spain but also had lasting effects on the world through colonization, cultural exchange, and religious policies.