independence of mexico History Timeline and Biographies

1810

The Grito de Dolores - Beginning of the Independence Movement

On September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issued the Grito de Dolores, a call to arms against Spanish rule, marking the official start of the independence of Mexico. This event is celebrated annually as Mexico's Independence Day.

1811

Battle of Monte de las Cruces

In October 1811, Hidalgo's forces engaged Spanish troops in the Battle of Monte de las Cruces. Despite a significant initial success, internal divisions weakened the independence movement, leading to Hidalgo's eventual retreat.

1811

Capture and Execution of Miguel Hidalgo

In July 1811, Miguel Hidalgo was captured by Spanish forces and executed. His death was a significant blow to the independence of Mexico, but it did not quell the movement.

1813

Congress of Anáhuac and Morelos' Leadership

In 1813, José María Morelos convened the Congress of Anáhuac, which declared independence from Spain and established a formal government. Morelos became a key leader in the ongoing struggle for the independence of Mexico.

1815

Execution of José María Morelos

In December 1815, Morelos was captured and executed by Spanish authorities. His death marked another setback for the independence of Mexico, but the fight continued under other leaders.

1820

The Plan of Iguala

In 1820, Agustín de Iturbide, a former royalist officer, joined forces with the insurgents and proposed the Plan of Iguala, which aimed to unite all factions in the independence of Mexico under a constitutional monarchy.

1821

The Declaration of Independence of Mexico

On September 27, 1821, the independence of Mexico was officially recognized when Iturbide and his army entered Mexico City, marking the end of Spanish rule.

1821

Treaty of Córdoba

The Treaty of Córdoba, signed in August 1821, recognized Mexico's independence from Spain, solidifying the end of colonial rule and establishing the framework for the new nation.

1822

Agustín de Iturbide Crowned Emperor

In 1822, Agustín de Iturbide was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, reflecting the complexities of the independence of Mexico and the struggle for political stability in the newly formed nation.

1823

Fall of Iturbide and Establishment of a Republic

In early 1823, Iturbide was overthrown, and Mexico transitioned from an empire to a republic, paving the way for a more democratic government in the wake of the independence of Mexico.

1824

The Constitution of 1824 was enacted, establishing a federal republic and further solidifying the independence of Mexico by outlining the rights of citizens and the structure of government.

1836

The Texas Revolution began in 1835 and resulted in Texas declaring independence from Mexico in 1836. This conflict highlighted ongoing issues related to the independence of Mexico and its territorial integrity.

1846

The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) arose from territorial disputes following the independence of Mexico, resulting in significant territorial losses for Mexico and shaping its future.

1910

The Mexican Revolution began in 1910, driven by social and economic inequalities that persisted after the independence of Mexico. This revolution sought to address the injustices and reshape the nation.