End of the New Kingdom
The Tercer periodo intermedio begins with the death of Pharaoh Ramses XI, marking the end of the New Kingdom. This transition initiates a power vacuum and the fragmentation of authority in Egypt.
Rise of Local Rulers
Following the decline of centralized power, local rulers and nomarchs gain prominence, leading to the establishment of competing dynasties across Egypt during the Tercer periodo intermedio.
The Tercer periodo intermedio sees the emergence of the Libyan Dynasties, with foreign rulers, such as the Meshwesh, taking control of parts of Egypt, particularly in the western Nile Delta.
The 22nd Dynasty Established
The 22nd Dynasty is founded by Sheshonq I, marking a significant phase within the Tercer periodo intermedio, characterized by a resurgence of centralized authority under Libyan leadership.
During the Tercer periodo intermedio, there is a notable continuation of artistic and architectural traditions, blending indigenous Egyptian styles with influences from neighboring cultures.
The 23rd Dynasty emerges in the Nile Delta, further complicating the political landscape of the Tercer periodo intermedio as rival dynasties vie for control over Egypt.
The Tercer periodo intermedio sees the rise of the Kingdom of Kush, which begins to exert influence over Upper Egypt, leading to a series of conflicts and eventual conquests.
The 25th Dynasty is established by the Kushite king Piye, who successfully conquers Egypt, uniting it under Kushite rule during the later stages of the Tercer periodo intermedio.
Piye conducts military campaigns throughout Egypt, solidifying Kushite control and marking a significant shift in power dynamics during the Tercer periodo intermedio.
Shabaka, Piye's successor, continues to strengthen the Kushite dynasty, promoting significant religious reforms and cultural revival in Egypt during the Tercer periodo intermedio.
The Tercer periodo intermedio concludes with the Assyrian invasion and the fall of the 25th Dynasty, leading to the establishment of the 26th Dynasty and a new period of Egyptian history.
The Tercer periodo intermedio is marked by a blending of cultural practices and beliefs between Egyptians and their Kushite rulers, influencing art, religion, and daily life.
Despite political upheaval during the Tercer periodo intermedio, trade networks continue to function, facilitating economic exchanges with neighboring regions, including Nubia and the Levant.
The Tercer periodo intermedio leaves a lasting legacy on subsequent Egyptian history, influencing governance, culture, and the eventual reunification of Egypt under the 26th Dynasty.
