2. Republik History Timeline and Biographies

1918

Establishment of the 2. Republik

The 2. Republik was officially established on November 12, 1918, following the end of World War I and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This marked the transition from a monarchy to a democratic republic in Austria.

1919

First National Assembly Election

In 1919, the first national assembly elections were held in the 2. Republik, leading to the establishment of a parliamentary system and the drafting of the first republican constitution in 1920.

1920

Adoption of the Federal Constitution

The Federal Constitution of the 2. Republik was adopted in 1920, solidifying the structure of the government and the rights of citizens, including democratic principles and social rights.

1927

Formation of the First Austrian Republic's Government

In 1927, the government of the 2. Republik was formed, led by the Social Democratic Party, which emphasized social reforms and workers' rights amidst economic instability.

1933

Austrofascism Emerges

In 1933, the political landscape of the 2. Republik shifted dramatically as the government began to adopt authoritarian measures, leading to the rise of Austrofascism and the suppression of opposition parties.

1934

Civil War in Austria

The civil conflict known as the Austrian Civil War erupted in February 1934, reflecting the deep political divisions within the 2. Republik and resulting in a crackdown on socialist movements.

1938

Annexation by Nazi Germany

In March 1938, the 2. Republik was annexed by Nazi Germany in an event known as the Anschluss, effectively ending its existence as an independent nation and subjecting it to totalitarian rule.

1945

End of World War II and Re-establishment of the 2. Republik

After the defeat of Nazi Germany in May 1945, the 2. Republik was re-established, leading to a new era of democracy and reconstruction in Austria, with a focus on neutrality and rebuilding the nation.

1955

Austrian State Treaty and Permanent Neutrality

In 1955, the Austrian State Treaty was signed, restoring Austria's independence and declaring its permanent neutrality, a key principle of the 2. Republik's foreign policy.

1970

Social Reforms and Economic Growth

The 1970s saw significant social reforms in the 2. Republik, including advancements in education and healthcare, contributing to economic growth and improved living standards for citizens.

1989

Fall of the Iron Curtain and New Opportunities

The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 opened new opportunities for the 2. Republik, allowing for greater integration with Central and Eastern European countries and enhancing its role in European affairs.

2000

Joining the European Union

In 2000, the 2. Republik became a member of the European Union, further solidifying its commitment to democracy and international cooperation while enhancing economic ties with other European nations.

2020

Celebrating 100 Years of the 2. Republik

In 2020, Austria celebrated the centenary of the 2. Republik, reflecting on its historical journey, achievements, and the challenges it overcame throughout the last century.

2024

Current Status of the 2. Republik

As of 2024, the 2. Republik continues to thrive as a democratic nation, facing contemporary challenges such as climate change, migration, and economic stability while upholding its values of democracy and social welfare.