Foundation of Thăng Long
Emperor Lý Thái Tổ established the city of Thăng Long, which is modern-day Hanoi, as the capital of Đại Việt (Great Viet). This marked the beginning of Hanoi's long history as a political and cultural center.
1010
1397
Relocation of the Capital
The capital was moved from Thăng Long to Thanh Hóa by the Hồ dynasty, but Thăng Long remained an important cultural and economic hub.
1802
Nguyễn Dynasty and Hanoi
The Nguyễn dynasty established its capital in Huế, but Hanoi continued to be a significant administrative and economic center in northern Vietnam.
1883
French Colonial Era Begins
Hanoi fell under French control and became the capital of French Indochina. The city underwent significant urban planning and development, including the construction of French-style buildings and infrastructure.
1945
Proclamation of Independence
Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam in Hanoi on September 2, 1945, marking the end of French colonial rule and the beginning of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
1954
Geneva Accords and Division of Vietnam
The Geneva Accords led to the division of Vietnam into North and South, with Hanoi becoming the capital of North Vietnam.
1965
Vietnam War Intensifies
During the Vietnam War, Hanoi was heavily bombed by U.S. forces, significantly impacting the city's infrastructure and population.
1976
Reunification of Vietnam
Following the end of the Vietnam War, Hanoi was declared the capital of the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
1986
Đổi Mới Economic Reforms
The Vietnamese government initiated Đổi Mới (Renovation) reforms, leading to significant economic changes and modernization in Hanoi.
1999
UNESCO Recognition
Hanoi was recognized by UNESCO for its historical and cultural significance, particularly the preservation of its ancient architecture and monuments.
2000
Hanoi's Population Growth
The population of Hanoi reached 2.6 million, reflecting rapid urbanization and economic development.
2010
Millennium Anniversary
Hanoi celebrated its 1000th anniversary, marking a millennium since its establishment as Thăng Long by Emperor Lý Thái Tổ.
2011
Expansion of Hanoi
The administrative boundaries of Hanoi were expanded, incorporating several neighboring provinces and significantly increasing its size and population.
2014
Launch of the Hanoi Metro
Construction began on the Hanoi Metro, aimed at improving the city's public transportation system and reducing traffic congestion.
2020
Hanoi's Economic Growth
Hanoi continued to experience strong economic growth, becoming a key economic hub in Southeast Asia with significant foreign investment and development projects.
2024
Sustainable Development Initiatives
Hanoi launched several sustainable development initiatives focused on green urban planning, renewable energy, and improving the quality of life for its residents.
