Iran vs British/Soviets. History Timeline and Biographies

1907

The Anglo-Russian Agreement

The Anglo-Russian Agreement divided Iran into spheres of influence between Britain and Russia, with the north falling under Russian control and the south under British influence. This marked the beginning of significant foreign intervention in Iran's internal affairs, setting the stage for future conflicts between Iran and these powers.

1911

British Intervention in Iran's Oil Industry

The British established the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) in Iran, securing control over the country's oil resources. This move intensified British economic interests in Iran and laid the groundwork for future political interventions, leading to growing resentment among Iranians toward foreign dominance.

1941

Invasion of Iran by British and Soviet Forces

During World War II, British and Soviet forces invaded Iran to secure oil supplies and ensure a supply route to the USSR. The invasion led to the abdication of Reza Shah and the installation of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, as a puppet monarch, further entrenching foreign influence in Iran.

1943

Tehran Conference

The Tehran Conference, attended by leaders of the Allied powers, including the British and Soviets, solidified the strategic importance of Iran during World War II. The conference underscored Iran's role as a corridor for supplies to the Soviet Union and highlighted the geopolitical stakes in the region.

1951

Nationalization of the Iranian Oil Industry

Iranian Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh nationalized the oil industry, taking control from British interests. This bold move prompted a severe response from Britain, leading to economic sanctions and diplomatic isolation, as well as increased tensions between Iran and the West.

1953

Operation Ajax: Coup Against Mossadegh

The CIA, in collaboration with British intelligence, orchestrated a coup to overthrow Prime Minister Mossadegh, restoring the Shah's power. This event marked a significant turning point in Iran's history, leading to decades of authoritarian rule and deep-seated animosity toward Western powers.

1963

The White Revolution and Increased Western Influence

The Shah launched the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at modernizing Iran. This initiative was heavily supported by the United States, further entrenching Western influence in Iranian politics and society, while also provoking opposition from traditional and religious factions.

1979

Iranian Revolution and Overthrow of the Shah

The Iranian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the Shah and the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini. This marked a dramatic shift in Iran's relationship with both Britain and the Soviet Union, as the new regime sought to expel foreign influence and assert national sovereignty.

1980-1988

Iran-Iraq War and Foreign Involvement

The Iran-Iraq War saw both the British and Soviets engaging in complex diplomatic maneuvers. While the Soviets initially supported Iraq, they later sought to maintain good relations with Iran. The war exacerbated tensions in the region and highlighted the consequences of foreign intervention in Iran's affairs.

1991

Post-Soviet Influence in Iran

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran sought to redefine its role in the region. The end of the Cold War allowed Iran to pursue a more independent foreign policy, although it remained wary of Western influence, particularly from the United States and its allies.

2003

U.S. Invasion of Iraq and Regional Dynamics

The U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 created a power vacuum in the region, leading to increased Iranian influence in Iraq. This shift in regional dynamics raised concerns in both Britain and the remnants of Soviet influence in Central Asia, as Iran emerged as a key player in Middle Eastern politics.

2015

Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA)

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) was signed between Iran and six world powers, including the UK. The agreement aimed to limit Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief, representing a significant moment in Iran's diplomatic relations with Western powers, including Britain.

2020

Escalation of Tensions and Regional Conflicts

Tensions between Iran and the West, particularly the U.S. and its allies, escalated following the assassination of Iranian General Qassem Soleimani. This incident highlighted the ongoing conflicts in the region and Iran's adversarial stance toward foreign powers, including Britain and remnants of Soviet influence.

2023

Current Geopolitical Landscape and Iran's Position

As of 2023, Iran continues to navigate a complex geopolitical landscape marked by competition with Western powers and a reassertion of influence in the region. The ongoing challenges include nuclear negotiations, regional conflicts, and the balancing of relations with both Eastern and Western powers, including Britain and Russia.