Birth of Prophet Muhammad
Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca, in present-day Saudi Arabia, into the Quraysh tribe. His early life was marked by the death of his parents, leading him to be raised by his grandfather and later his uncle.
570 CE
595 CE
Marriage to Khadijah
At the age of 25, Prophet Muhammad married Khadijah, a wealthy widow. Their partnership was marked by mutual respect and support, and they had several children together, including Fatimah.
610 CE
First Revelation
At the age of 40, Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira, marking the beginning of his role as a prophet and the foundation of Islamic teachings.
613 CE
Public Preaching Begins
Prophet Muhammad began publicly preaching the message of Islam, calling for monotheism and social justice, which faced significant opposition from the Quraysh leaders in Mecca.
622 CE
Hijra to Medina
Facing persecution in Mecca, Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, an event known as the Hijra. This marked the establishment of a Muslim community and the first Islamic state.
624 CE
Change of Qibla
In Medina, Prophet Muhammad received a revelation to change the direction of prayer (Qibla) from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Mecca, symbolizing the establishment of Islamic identity.
630 CE
Conquest of Mecca
Prophet Muhammad led a peaceful conquest of Mecca, reclaiming the city for Islam. He cleansed the Kaaba of idols and established it as the center of Islamic worship.
632 CE
Farewell Pilgrimage and Death
Prophet Muhammad performed his Farewell Pilgrimage, delivering a final sermon that emphasized equality and justice. Shortly after returning to Medina, he passed away at the age of 63.
632 CE
Succession and Caliphate Formation
After the death of Prophet Muhammad, the Muslim community faced the challenge of leadership, leading to the establishment of the Caliphate, starting with Abu Bakr as the first caliph.
634 CE
Expansion of Islam
Under the leadership of the caliphs, the teachings of Prophet Muhammad spread rapidly beyond Arabia into the Persian Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and North Africa, significantly expanding the Muslim world.
661 CE
Formation of Sunni and Shia Sects
The assassination of the third caliph, Uthman, and the subsequent rise of Ali led to the division of the Muslim community into Sunni and Shia branches, a split rooted in differing views on leadership post-Prophet Muhammad.
750 CE
Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to a golden age of Islamic culture, science, and philosophy, all of which were influenced by the teachings of Prophet Muhammad.
1258 CE
Sack of Baghdad
The Mongol invasion led to the sack of Baghdad, marking a significant decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Despite this, the teachings of Prophet Muhammad continued to inspire resilience among Muslims.
1924 CE
Abolition of the Caliphate
The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate marked the end of a central Islamic authority, yet the legacy of Prophet Muhammad's teachings continues to shape Islamic thought and practice in the modern world.
