Birth of Akbar
Akbar was born on October 15, 1542, in Umerkot, Sindh, as the son of Humayun and his wife, Hamida Banu Begum. His early life was marked by the instability of the Mughal Empire, which set the stage for his future endeavors.
1542
1556
Ascension to the Throne
Following the death of his father, Humayun, Akbar ascended to the throne at the age of 13. His reign began amidst a power struggle, and he quickly faced challenges to establish his authority as the Mughal Emperor.
1556
In the same year, Akbar's forces defeated Hemu, a rival claimant, at the Second Battle of Panipat. This victory solidified Akbar's position and marked the beginning of his expansionist policies across northern India.
1561
Akbar launched a campaign to conquer the Malwa region, successfully capturing the city of Mandu. This victory expanded Mughal territory and strengthened Akbar's control over central India.
1565
Akbar's forces defeated the Sultan of Gujarat, allowing him to annex the prosperous region into the Mughal Empire. This conquest enhanced trade and revenue for Akbar's administration.
1571
Akbar commissioned the construction of Fatehpur Sikri, a new capital city that served as a symbol of his power and vision. The city showcased a blend of Persian, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles.
1576
Akbar's forces engaged in the Battle of Haldighati against the Rajput king Rana Pratap. Although the battle was inconclusive, it demonstrated Akbar's determination to subjugate the Rajputs and expand his empire.
1580
Akbar introduced the Din-i Ilahi, a syncretic religion aimed at promoting religious harmony among his subjects. This initiative reflected Akbar's commitment to tolerance and inclusivity in a diverse empire.
1582
Akbar established a centralized administrative system, introducing a new revenue collection system called 'Zabt.' This reform improved tax collection and governance across the empire.
1590
Akbar became a major patron of the arts, encouraging the development of Mughal painting, literature, and architecture. His court attracted scholars, poets, and artists, enhancing the cultural landscape of the empire.
1599
Akbar initiated military campaigns against the Deccan Sultanates, aiming to expand Mughal influence in southern India. These campaigns were part of his broader strategy to consolidate power across the subcontinent.
1600
To enhance trade and security, Akbar established a naval force. This move marked a significant development in the Mughal Empire's military capabilities and its ability to control maritime trade routes.
1605
Akbar passed away on October 27, 1605, after a reign of 49 years. His death marked the end of an era characterized by territorial expansion, cultural integration, and administrative innovation in the Mughal Empire.
1605
Following Akbar's death, his son Jahangir ascended the throne, continuing the legacy of Akbar's policies and governance, which had established a strong foundation for the Mughal Empire.
