Iranian Revolution History Timeline and Biographies

The Iranian Revolution, also known as the Islamic Revolution, occurred in 1979 and marked a pivotal moment in Iranian history. It led to the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy, which had been supported by Western powers, and the establishment of an Islamic Republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini. The revolution was characterized by widespread protests, political upheaval, and the mobilization of various social groups, including religious leaders, students, and workers. Its impact extended beyond Iran, influencing Islamic movements and political ideologies across the globe. The Iranian Revolution remains a critical subject of study for understanding contemporary Middle Eastern politics and the dynamics of revolutionary movements worldwide.

Creation Time:2025-02-08

1978

Beginning of Protests Against the Shah

The Iranian Revolution began with widespread protests against the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Discontent grew among various groups, including religious leaders, intellectuals, and leftist organizations, who opposed the Shah's authoritarian regime and Westernization policies. Demonstrations escalated throughout the year, culminating in significant unrest.
1979

January: Return of Ayatollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the exiled leader of the revolution, returned to Iran from France on February 1, 1979. His return was met with massive popular support and signified a turning point in the Iranian Revolution, galvanizing the opposition against the Shah's regime.
1979

February: Overthrow of the Shah

On February 11, 1979, the Pahlavi monarchy was officially overthrown as revolutionary forces took control of key government buildings and military installations. The victory of the Iranian Revolution led to the establishment of a provisional government dominated by revolutionary leaders.
1979

Establishment of the Islamic Republic

On March 1, 1979, a referendum was held, and the Iranian people voted overwhelmingly in favor of establishing an Islamic Republic. This marked the formal transition from monarchy to theocratic rule, with Khomeini as the Supreme Leader.
1979

Cultural Revolution Begins

Following the establishment of the Islamic Republic, a Cultural Revolution was initiated to align Iranian society with Islamic values. This included the purging of Western influences from education, media, and culture, aiming to create a new Islamic identity for the nation.
1980

Hostage Crisis Begins

On November 4, 1979, Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking 52 American hostages. This event marked the beginning of a 444-day crisis that significantly impacted U.S.-Iran relations and solidified anti-American sentiments within the Iranian Revolution.
1980

Iran-Iraq War Begins

The Iran-Iraq War began on September 22, 1980, following Iraq's invasion of Iran. The conflict lasted for eight years and had a devastating impact on both nations, further entrenching the revolutionary regime in Iran and rallying nationalistic sentiments.
1989

Death of Ayatollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Khomeini passed away on June 3, 1989, marking the end of an era in the Iranian Revolution. His death led to the succession of Ali Khamenei as the new Supreme Leader and raised questions about the future direction of the Islamic Republic.
1997

Election of Mohammad Khatami

In May 1997, reformist candidate Mohammad Khatami was elected president, signaling a desire for political and social reforms within the framework of the Islamic Republic. His presidency represented a shift in the political landscape post-Iranian Revolution, as many sought greater freedoms and rights.
2009

Green Movement Protests

The Green Movement emerged following the disputed presidential elections in June 2009, with millions of Iranians protesting against alleged electoral fraud. This movement recalled the spirit of the Iranian Revolution as citizens demanded democracy and accountability from their government.
2015

Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) Signed

In July 2015, Iran reached a historic nuclear agreement with six world powers, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This deal was seen as a significant diplomatic achievement for the Iranian regime, which had faced international isolation since the Iranian Revolution.
2019

40th Anniversary of the Iranian Revolution

The 40th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution was marked by both celebrations and protests. While the government celebrated the revolution's achievements, many citizens expressed dissatisfaction with economic hardships and political repression, highlighting ongoing tensions in Iranian society.
2020

Protests Against Economic Hardships

In late 2019 and throughout 2020, widespread protests erupted across Iran due to economic struggles, inflation, and government mismanagement. These protests echoed the discontent that fueled the Iranian Revolution, demonstrating the ongoing challenges faced by the regime.
2021

Ebrahim Raisi Elected President

In June 2021, Ebrahim Raisi, a hardline cleric, was elected president. His election reflected the conservative faction's consolidation of power within the Iranian political system post-Iranian Revolution, raising concerns about the future of reform and civil liberties in the country.
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