Romans Anglo-Saxons Tudors Stu History Timeline and Biographies

Roman Conquest of Britain

The Romans, led by Emperor Claudius, invaded Britain in 43 AD, establishing control over much of the island and laying the foundation for Roman Britain, which lasted for nearly four centuries. This marked the beginning of significant Roman influence on British culture, infrastructure, and governance.

End of Roman Rule in Britain

The Romans withdrew their legions from Britain around 410 AD, leaving a power vacuum that led to the rise of various local kingdoms. This marked the end of Roman Britain and the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon period, as the locals adapted to the absence of Roman authority.

Introduction of Christianity by Augustine

St. Augustine arrived in Kent in 597 AD, sent by Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. This event was crucial for the cultural and religious transformation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, leading to the establishment of the Church in England.

The Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History

Bede, a monk in Northumbria, completed his work "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" in 731 AD. This text was pivotal in documenting the history of the Anglo-Saxons, including their conversion to Christianity and the establishment of monasteries.

Norman Conquest of England

The Battle of Hastings in 1066 marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule and the beginning of Norman dominance in England. William the Conqueror's victory transformed the social and political landscape, influencing the subsequent Tudor period.

Rise of the Tudor Dynasty

The Tudor dynasty began with Henry VII's victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, marking the end of the Wars of the Roses. The Tudors brought stability to England after decades of civil war and initiated significant political and religious changes.

The English Reformation

Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church in 1534 led to the establishment of the Church of England. This pivotal moment in Tudor history had profound implications for religion, politics, and society in England, further distancing it from Roman Catholic influence.

Elizabeth I Ascends to the Throne

Elizabeth I became queen in 1558, marking the beginning of a golden age in English history. Her reign saw the flourishing of the arts, exploration, and the consolidation of the Protestant Church, shaping the future of the nation.

Union of the Crowns

The death of Elizabeth I in 1603 led to the accession of James VI of Scotland as James I of England, uniting the crowns of England and Scotland. This marked the beginning of the Stuart dynasty, which would navigate complex political and religious challenges.

English Civil War Begins

The English Civil War erupted in 1642 between the Royalists, supporting King Charles I, and the Parliamentarians, led by figures like Oliver Cromwell. This conflict reflected deep-seated tensions regarding governance and authority, leading to significant changes in the monarchy's power.

Execution of Charles I

King Charles I was executed in 1649, marking a pivotal moment in British history. This event led to the temporary abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, fundamentally altering the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament.

Restoration of the Monarchy

The monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II's return to the throne, marking the end of the Commonwealth. This period saw the re-establishment of royal authority and the continuation of the Stuart line, alongside the emergence of political parties.

Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in the overthrow of James II and the ascension of William and Mary to the throne. This event solidified parliamentary sovereignty and established constitutional monarchy, shaping the future of British governance.

The Acts of Union 1707 unified the kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. This marked a significant development in the political landscape of the British Isles, paving the way for future unity and cooperation between the nations.