Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu History Timeline and Biographies

Birth of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam

Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was born in Mecca, in the year 570 CE, into the respected tribe of Quraysh. His mother, Amina, died when he was young, leaving him an orphan, which shaped his compassionate character throughout his life.

Early Life and Upbringing

As a child, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle Abu Talib. He grew up to be known for his honesty and integrity, earning the title "Al-Amin" (the trustworthy) among his peers.

Marriage to Khadijah

At the age of 25, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam married Khadijah, a wealthy widow. Their marriage was marked by mutual respect and love, and Khadijah became the first person to accept his prophethood later in life.

First Revelation

At the age of 40, while meditating in the Cave of Hira, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam received his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel. This marked the beginning of his role as the final prophet of Islam, conveying the message of monotheism.

Public Preaching Begins

Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam began publicly preaching Islam, calling people to worship one God and abandon idolatry. His message faced significant opposition from the Quraysh leaders, who felt threatened by his teachings.

Isra and Mi'raj

In the year 620, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam experienced the miraculous night journey (Isra) and ascension (Mi'raj) to the heavens, where he received instructions regarding the five daily prayers, solidifying the foundations of Islamic practice.

Hijra to Medina

Facing persecution in Mecca, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and his followers migrated to Medina in 622 CE, an event known as the Hijra. This migration marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the establishment of a Muslim community.

Change of Qibla and Battle of Badr

In 624 CE, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam changed the direction of prayer (Qibla) from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Mecca. This year also witnessed the Battle of Badr, a significant victory for the Muslims against the Quraysh, strengthening Hazrat Muhammad's position in Medina.

Conquest of Mecca

In 630 CE, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returned to Mecca with a large following, peacefully conquering the city. He cleansed the Kaaba of idols and established it as the center of Islamic worship, fulfilling a long-held dream.

Farewell Pilgrimage and Death

In 632 CE, Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam performed his Farewell Pilgrimage, delivering a final sermon that emphasized equality and justice. Shortly after returning to Medina, he passed away on June 8, 632 CE, leaving a profound legacy for humanity.

Following the death of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, Abu Bakr became the first Caliph. He worked to unify the Muslim community and preserve the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, laying the groundwork for the expansion of Islam.

Hazrat Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, was assassinated in 661 CE, marking the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, which would further spread the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam across vast territories.

The Abbasid Caliphate arose in 750 CE, continuing the legacy of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam by promoting scholarship and culture, leading to the Golden Age of Islam, where the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam were studied and disseminated widely.

The Mongol invasion in 1258 CE led to the fall of Baghdad, a center of learning and culture, which significantly impacted the preservation of Islamic teachings. However, the teachings of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam continued to thrive in various regions of the world.

The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924 marked a significant change in the political landscape of the Muslim world. Despite this, the teachings and legacy of Hazrat Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam remain influential in guiding the lives of Muslims globally.