Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, India, into a wealthy and politically active family. His early education laid the foundation for his future political career.
Nehru's Education in England
Jawaharlal Nehru went to England to study at Harrow School and later at Trinity College, Cambridge. This period significantly shaped his worldview and political ideology.
Return to India and Early Political Involvement
After completing his education, Jawaharlal Nehru returned to India in 1912. He became involved in the Indian National Congress, advocating for self-rule and social reforms.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Political Awakening
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 deeply affected Jawaharlal Nehru, solidifying his commitment to the Indian independence movement and prompting him to engage more actively in politics.
Joining the Non-Cooperation Movement
Nehru joined Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, marking his transition to a more active role in the struggle for India's independence, advocating for civil disobedience against British rule.
Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement
In 1930, Jawaharlal Nehru supported Gandhi's Salt March, which was a crucial event in the Civil Disobedience Movement against British colonial laws, further establishing his leadership in the Congress.
The Government of India Act and Nehru's Vision
The Government of India Act of 1935 was a significant step towards self-governance. Nehru advocated for a more radical approach to achieving complete independence from British rule.
Quit India Movement
In 1942, Jawaharlal Nehru played a key role in launching the Quit India Movement, demanding an end to British rule in India. His leadership during this time highlighted his commitment to independence.
Independence and Becoming Prime Minister
On August 15, 1947, India gained independence from British rule, and Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, tasked with leading a newly independent nation.
Adoption of the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India came into effect on January 26, 1950, establishing India as a sovereign republic. Nehru's government played a crucial role in its formulation and implementation.
Bandung Conference and Non-Aligned Movement
Jawaharlal Nehru was instrumental in the Bandung Conference in 1955, promoting the Non-Aligned Movement, which sought to establish a third path for countries not aligned with either the USA or the USSR during the Cold War.
Sino-Indian War
In 1962, India faced a military conflict with China, which challenged Nehru's policies and defense strategies, leading to a reevaluation of India’s foreign policy and military preparedness.
Death of Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on May 27, 1964. His death marked the end of an era in Indian politics, leaving behind a legacy of democratic governance and a vision for a modern India.
Legacy and Continued Influence
As of 2024, Jawaharlal Nehru's legacy endures in India’s political landscape, with his ideas on secularism, democracy, and social justice continuing to inspire future generations and leaders.
