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independencia de sudamerica

The independence of South America, or independencia de Sudamérica, refers to the series of revolutionary movements that took place in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, leading to the liberation of various South American countries from Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonial rule. Key figures such as Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Bernardo O'Higgins played pivotal roles in these movements, which were influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the earlier success of the American and French revolutions.

Creation Time:2024-07-02 15 key nodes English

The Timeline

1808 — 1844

  1. 1808

    Napoleon's Invasion of Spain

    Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain in 1808 created a power vacuum that destabilized Spanish control over its colonies, sparking the beginning of independence movements across South America.
  2. 1810

    The Cry of Dolores

    In 1810, Miguel Hidalgo issued the "Grito de Dolores," which marked the start of the Mexican War of Independence and inspired similar movements in South America.
  3. 1811

    Independence of Venezuela

    Venezuela declared its independence from Spain on July 5, 1811, becoming the first South American country to do so.
  4. 1816

    Independence of Argentina

    Argentina formally declared its independence from Spain on July 9, 1816, following a series of revolutionary activities led by figures like José de San Martín.
  5. 1817

    Crossing of the Andes

    José de San Martín led his army across the Andes Mountains in 1817, a pivotal campaign that led to the liberation of Chile from Spanish rule.
  6. 1818

    Independence of Chile

    Chile declared its independence on February 12, 1818, after the Battle of Maipú, which secured the country’s freedom from Spanish control.
  7. 1821

    Independence of Peru

    Peru declared its independence on July 28, 1821, following a campaign led by José de San Martín and later consolidated by Simón Bolívar.
  8. 1822

    Meeting of Bolívar and San Martín

    Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín met in Guayaquil in 1822 to discuss the future of South America's independence movements.
  9. 1822

    Independence of Brazil

    Brazil declared its independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822, with Dom Pedro I becoming its first emperor.
  10. 1824

    Battle of Ayacucho

    The Battle of Ayacucho, fought on December 9, 1824, was the decisive victory that secured the independence of Peru and marked the end of Spanish rule in South America.
  11. 1825

    Independence of Bolivia

    Bolivia declared its independence on August 6, 1825, and was named in honor of Simón Bolívar, who played a crucial role in its liberation.
  12. 1828

    Independence of Uruguay

    Uruguay declared its independence from Brazil on August 25, 1828, following a struggle that included the involvement of Argentine and Brazilian forces.
  13. 1830

    Dissolution of Gran Colombia

    Gran Colombia, a union of several South American territories led by Simón Bolívar, dissolved in 1830, leading to the creation of separate nations like Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
  14. 1831

    Independence of Ecuador

    Ecuador declared its independence from Gran Colombia in 1831, becoming a sovereign nation.
  15. 1844

    Independence of the Dominican Republic

    The Dominican Republic declared its independence from Haiti on February 27, 1844, following a prolonged struggle for sovereignty.

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