Mexican War of Independence begins
The Mexican War of Independence started on September 16, 1810, with Miguel Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores, marking the beginning of Mexico's struggle for independence from Spanish rule.
1810
1811
Paraguay Declares Independence
Paraguay declared its independence from Spain on May 14, 1811, becoming one of the first South American countries to do so during the wave of independence movements across the continent.
1812
War of 1812 between the United States and Britain
The War of 1812 began in June, when the United States declared war on Britain due to maritime disputes and territorial expansion desires, significantly impacting North American geopolitics.
1813
Simón Bolívar's Admirable Campaign
Simón Bolívar led the Admirable Campaign in 1813, a series of military actions that liberated much of Venezuela from Spanish control, contributing to the broader South American independence movements.
1814
Congress of Vienna begins
The Congress of Vienna convened in 1814 to reestablish the European political order after the Napoleonic Wars, aiming to balance power and prevent future conflicts.
1815
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo occurred on June 18, 1815, resulting in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Seventh Coalition, ending his rule and the Napoleonic Wars.
1816
Argentina Declares Independence
Argentina formally declared its independence from Spain on July 9, 1816, following years of conflict and revolutionary activities.
1817
Chilean War of Independence
The Chilean War of Independence saw significant battles in 1817, including the Battle of Chacabuco, where José de San Martín's forces defeated the Spanish, leading to Chile's eventual independence.
1818
Treaty of Tilsit
The Treaty of Tilsit was signed in 1818 between Russia and Persia, concluding the Russo-Persian War and redrawing territorial boundaries in the Caucasus region.
1819
Simón Bolívar's Liberation of New Granada
Simón Bolívar led the liberation of New Granada (modern-day Colombia) in 1819, securing a decisive victory at the Battle of Boyacá and advancing the cause of independence in South America.
1820
Liberal Revolution in Spain
The Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Spain led to the reestablishment of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, significantly influencing Spanish and colonial politics.
1821
Greek War of Independence begins
The Greek War of Independence began in 1821, as Greek revolutionaries sought to overthrow Ottoman rule and establish an independent Greek state.
1822
Brazil Declares Independence
Brazil declared its independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822, with Prince Dom Pedro proclaiming himself Emperor Pedro I of Brazil.
1823
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was declared by U.S. President James Monroe in 1823, asserting that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization and intervention.
1824
Battle of Ayacucho
The Battle of Ayacucho on December 9, 1824, was a decisive victory for South American independence forces under Antonio José de Sucre, leading to the liberation of Peru from Spanish rule.
1825
Bolivia Gains Independence
Bolivia declared its independence from Spain on August 6, 1825, following a series of revolutionary activities and battles led by Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre.
1826
Panama Congress
The Panama Congress, convened by Simón Bolívar in 1826, aimed to unite the newly independent Latin American countries and establish a confederation to resist foreign intervention.
1827
Battle of Navarino
The Battle of Navarino took place on October 20, 1827, where the allied fleets of Britain, France, and Russia defeated the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet, significantly aiding the Greek War of Independence.
1828
Treaty of Turkmenchay
The Treaty of Turkmenchay was signed in 1828 between Persia and Russia, ending the Russo-Persian War and resulting in significant territorial losses for Persia.
1829
Greek Independence Recognized
The independence of Greece was formally recognized in 1829, following the conclusion of the Greek War of Independence and the intervention of European powers.
1830
July Revolution in France
The July Revolution of 1830 in France led to the overthrow of King Charles X and the establishment of the July Monarchy under Louis-Philippe, marking a shift towards more liberal governance.
