Túpac Amaru II Rebellion
The indigenous leader Túpac Amaru II led a large-scale rebellion against Spanish colonial rule in Peru, which, although ultimately unsuccessful, laid the groundwork for future independence movements in South America.
1780
1806
British Invasions of the Río de la Plata
The failed British invasions of the Río de la Plata region (modern-day Argentina and Uruguay) exposed the weaknesses of Spanish colonial rule and inspired local populations to consider independence.
1810
May Revolution in Buenos Aires
The May Revolution led to the establishment of the first local government in Buenos Aires, marking the beginning of the Argentine War of Independence.
1811
Paraguay Declares Independence
Paraguay became one of the first South American countries to declare its independence from Spain, setting a precedent for other regions to follow.
1811
Battle of Carabobo
Simón Bolívar's forces achieved a decisive victory at the Battle of Carabobo, which was crucial for the independence of Venezuela.
1816
Declaration of Independence of Argentina
The Congress of Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which later became Argentina.
1817
Crossing of the Andes
José de San Martín led the Army of the Andes across the mountains from Argentina to Chile, a pivotal maneuver in the fight for Chilean independence.
1818
Battle of Maipú
The Battle of Maipú was a decisive victory for the forces of José de San Martín, securing the independence of Chile from Spanish rule.
1820
Liberation of Peru
José de San Martín's expedition to Peru began, leading to the eventual declaration of Peruvian independence in 1821.
1821
Peruvian Declaration of Independence
José de San Martín proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima, marking a significant milestone in the Emancipación Sudamericana.
1822
Guayaquil Conference
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín met in Guayaquil to discuss the future of South American independence movements, although the details of their conversation remain largely unknown.
1824
Battle of Ayacucho
The Battle of Ayacucho was the final major battle in the South American wars of independence, leading to the liberation of Peru and the end of Spanish colonial rule in South America.
1825
Bolivia Gains Independence
Bolivia declared its independence from Spain, named after Simón Bolívar, who played a crucial role in its liberation.
1828
Treaty of Montevideo
The Treaty of Montevideo recognized Uruguay's independence, concluding the Cisplatine War between Brazil and Argentina.
1830
Gran Colombia Dissolution
The dissolution of Gran Colombia marked the end of Bolívar's vision of a united northern South America, leading to the formation of separate nations including Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
