Hijra: Migration to Medina
The Prophet Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the establishment of the first Islamic state.
622
632
Death of Prophet Muhammad
The Prophet Muhammad passed away, leading to the establishment of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first Islamic Empire, under the leadership of his close companions.
661
Start of the Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate was established after the assassination of the fourth caliph, Ali. The Umayyads expanded the Islamic Empire significantly, reaching Spain in the west and India in the east.
750
Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid Caliphate overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate, shifting the capital to Baghdad and ushering in a Golden Age of Islamic culture, science, and trade.
1258
Fall of Baghdad
Baghdad was sacked by the Mongols, marking the end of the Abbasid Caliphate and a significant decline in the Islamic Empire's influence.
1299
Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. It would go on to become one of the longest-lasting and most influential Islamic empires in history.
1453
Conquest of Constantinople
The Ottomans, under Sultan Mehmed II, conquered Constantinople, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and solidifying Ottoman control over the region.
1520
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman the Magnificent ascended to the throne, leading the Ottoman Empire to its zenith in terms of territorial expansion, military power, and cultural achievements.
1683
Siege of Vienna
The Ottoman Empire's advance into Europe was halted at the Battle of Vienna, marking the beginning of the empire's gradual decline.
1798
Napoleon's Campaign in Egypt
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Egypt, highlighting the weakening state of the Ottoman Empire and the rising influence of European powers in the Islamic world.
1839
Tanzimat Reforms
The Ottoman Empire initiated the Tanzimat Reforms, aimed at modernizing the empire and curbing its decline through administrative, military, and economic changes.
1914
World War I and the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. The war and subsequent defeat led to the empire's disintegration.
1924
Abolition of the Caliphate
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, abolished the Ottoman Caliphate, marking the end of the last Islamic Empire.
1969
Establishment of the OIC
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) was established to promote solidarity among Muslim-majority countries and protect their interests on the global stage.
2024
Modern Influence of Islamic Empire
The legacy of the Islamic Empire continues to influence contemporary Islamic societies, cultures, and geopolitics, with its historical contributions being studied and celebrated worldwide.
