Birth of Pre-Socratic Philosophy
The Pre-Socratic philosophers, including Thales, Anaximander, and Heraclitus, laid the groundwork for Western philosophy by exploring natural phenomena and seeking rational explanations for the cosmos.
600 BCE
470 BCE
Socrates and the Socratic Method
Socrates introduced the Socratic method, a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue, significantly influencing the development of Western philosophy and the escualas filosoficas{.
387 BCE
Plato's Academy Founded
Plato founded the Academy in Athens, one of the earliest institutions of higher learning, which became a cornerstone for the development of philosophical schools.
335 BCE
Aristotle's Lyceum Established
Aristotle established the Lyceum, where he developed his comprehensive system of philosophy, influencing various escualas filosoficas{ such as the Peripatetic school.
300 BCE
Hellenistic Philosophical Schools
The Hellenistic period saw the rise of several escualas filosoficas{, including Stoicism founded by Zeno of Citium, Epicureanism by Epicurus, and Skepticism by Pyrrho.
529 CE
Closure of Pagan Philosophical Schools
Emperor Justinian I ordered the closure of pagan philosophical schools in Athens, marking a significant shift in the history of escualas filosoficas{ towards Christian philosophy.
800 CE
Medieval Scholasticism
The rise of Scholasticism, a method of learning that emphasized dialectical reasoning, became a dominant force in medieval escualas filosoficas{, with figures like Thomas Aquinas and Anselm of Canterbury.
1637
Rationalism and Descartes' "Cogito, ergo sum"
René Descartes' work "Meditations on First Philosophy" laid the foundation for Rationalism, a major school of thought in modern escualas filosoficas{.
1689
Empiricism and Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding"
John Locke's empiricism emphasized the role of sensory experience in the formation of knowledge, influencing subsequent escualas filosoficas{.
1781
Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason"
Immanuel Kant's critical philosophy synthesized rationalism and empiricism, profoundly impacting various escualas filosoficas{ and modern philosophical thought.
1818
Hegelian Dialectics
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's dialectical method and his works on absolute idealism became central to German Idealism and influenced numerous escualas filosoficas{.
1848
Marx and Engels' "The Communist Manifesto"
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels introduced Marxism, which became one of the most influential political and philosophical schools in modern history.
1889
Nietzsche's "Thus Spoke Zarathustra"
Friedrich Nietzsche's existentialist and nihilist philosophies challenged traditional escualas filosoficas{ and introduced new ways of thinking about morality and existence.
1927
Heidegger's "Being and Time"
Martin Heidegger's existential phenomenology in "Being and Time" significantly influenced 20th-century escualas filosoficas{, particularly existentialism and hermeneutics.
1943
Sartre's "Being and Nothingness"
Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist philosophy, articulated in "Being and Nothingness," became a cornerstone of modern existentialism and influenced contemporary escualas filosoficas{.
1951
Analytic Philosophy and Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations"
Ludwig Wittgenstein's later work "Philosophical Investigations" contributed to the development of analytic philosophy, a major school in the 20th-century escualas filosoficas{.
