Birth of Mohammed
Mohammed was born in Mecca, a city in present-day Saudi Arabia. His birth is traditionally dated to the Year of the Elephant.
570 CE
610 CE
First Revelation
Mohammed received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira, marking the beginning of his role as the Prophet of Islam.
613 CE
Public Preaching Begins
Mohammed began publicly preaching the message of Islam, calling for the worship of one God and the abandonment of idolatry.
622 CE
Hijra to Medina
Mohammed and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution. This event, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
624 CE
Battle of Badr
The Battle of Badr was the first major battle between the Muslims and the Quraysh of Mecca. Despite being outnumbered, Mohammed's forces achieved a significant victory.
625 CE
Battle of Uhud
The Battle of Uhud was fought between the Muslims and the Meccans. Despite initial successes, Mohammed's forces faced setbacks and the battle ended inconclusively.
627 CE
Battle of the Trench
The Battle of the Trench was a defensive battle in which Mohammed's forces successfully defended Medina against a siege by the Meccans and their allies.
628 CE
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
Mohammed negotiated a ten-year truce with the Quraysh of Mecca, known as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, allowing Muslims to make the pilgrimage to Mecca.
630 CE
Conquest of Mecca
Mohammed led a large Muslim army to Mecca, which surrendered peacefully. He cleansed the Kaaba of idols and established it as a central place of worship for Muslims.
632 CE
Farewell Pilgrimage
Mohammed performed his final pilgrimage to Mecca, known as the Farewell Pilgrimage, during which he delivered his Farewell Sermon, summarizing his teachings.
632 CE
Death of Mohammed
Mohammed passed away in Medina after a brief illness. His death marked the end of his prophethood and the beginning of the Rashidun Caliphate.
650 CE
Compilation of the Quran
The Quran, containing the revelations received by Mohammed, was compiled into a single book under the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan.
680 CE
Battle of Karbala
The Battle of Karbala, fought between the forces of Yazid I and the supporters of Mohammed's grandson, Husayn ibn Ali, marked a significant event in Islamic history, leading to the Sunni-Shia split.
732 CE
Battle of Tours
The Battle of Tours, where Charles Martel halted the advance of Muslim forces into Western Europe, underscored the far-reaching influence of the Islamic conquests initiated by Mohammed.
750 CE
Abbasid Caliphate Established
The Abbasid Caliphate was established, continuing the expansion and consolidation of the Islamic empire that began under Mohammed's leadership.
