Murad 2 i Mehmed ZdobywcaOś czasu historyczna i biografia

1421

Murad II becomes Sultan

Murad II ascended to the throne of the Ottoman Empire after the death of his father, Sultan Mehmed I. His reign began a period of consolidation and expansion for the empire, as he worked to stabilize and strengthen Ottoman rule in Anatolia and the Balkans.

1422

Siege of Constantinople

Murad II initiated a siege against Constantinople, marking the beginning of a series of military campaigns aimed at capturing the city. Although the siege was unsuccessful, it demonstrated the Ottomans' ambitions to control the Byzantine capital.

1444

Murad II abdicates the throne

In a surprising move, Murad II abdicated in favor of his son Mehmed II. However, due to rising threats and instability, he returned to the throne just a year later to continue his rule.

1446

Murad II resumes the throne

Murad II resumed his position as Sultan after realizing that his son was not yet ready to govern. He focused on military campaigns against the Crusaders and the Balkan states to strengthen Ottoman influence.

1451

Death of Murad II

Murad II passed away, leaving the throne to his son Mehmed II. His reign had laid the groundwork for the future expansion of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in the Balkans.

1453

Fall of Constantinople

Mehmed II, known as Mehmed the Conqueror, successfully captured Constantinople after a 53-day siege. This event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and established the Ottomans as a dominant power in southeastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean.

1454

Conquest of Serbia

Mehmed II launched a campaign against Serbia, further expanding Ottoman territory in the Balkans. This conquest solidified Ottoman control over the region and established a strong foothold in southeastern Europe.

1460

Capture of the Morea Peninsula

Under Mehmed II, the Ottomans captured the Morea Peninsula in Greece, further extending their influence in the region and consolidating power over the former Byzantine territories.

1475

Conquest of the Crimean Khanate

Mehmed II expanded Ottoman influence into the Crimean Peninsula, establishing a vassal state that would serve as a buffer against Russian expansion and enhance trade routes in the Black Sea.

1480

Siege of Otranto

Mehmed II ordered the siege of Otranto in Italy, marking the Ottomans’ first significant military intervention in Western Europe. Although the siege was ultimately unsuccessful, it demonstrated Ottoman ambitions beyond the Balkans.

1492

Support for the Muslim refugees from Spain

Mehmed II welcomed Muslim refugees fleeing Spain after the Reconquista, integrating them into the Ottoman Empire and enriching its cultural and economic landscape.

1495

Death of Mehmed II

Mehmed II passed away, leaving behind a vast and powerful empire. His conquests and reforms had established the Ottomans as a major force in both Europe and Asia, setting the stage for future expansion under his successors.

1500

Legacy of Murad II and Mehmed II

The legacies of Murad II and Mehmed II continued to shape the Ottoman Empire, influencing military strategy, governance, and cultural development for generations to come. Their reigns marked a significant turning point in the history of the empire.