starożytny rzym Oś czasu historyczna i biografia

753 BC

Founding of Rome

According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus, marking the beginning of the ancient Roman civilization. The date, 753 BC, is a significant milestone in the history of ancient Rome, laying the foundation for future developments and the emergence of one of the greatest empires in history.

509 BC

Establishment of the Roman Republic

The monarchy was overthrown, and Rome established a republic, creating a system of government that included elected officials, the Senate, and various checks and balances. This shift was crucial for the political development of ancient Rome and influenced governance for centuries.

390 BC

Sack of Rome by the Gauls

Rome was sacked by the Gauls, which exposed vulnerabilities in its defenses and prompted military reforms, leading to a more organized and disciplined army, essential for future expansions of ancient Rome.

264-146 BC

Punic Wars

A series of three wars against Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, significantly expanded Roman territory and influence, establishing Rome as a major power in the Mediterranean region and marking the rise of ancient Rome as an imperial force.

49 BC

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River was a pivotal moment in Roman history, leading to a civil war. His actions ultimately led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of imperial rule in ancient Rome.

27 BC

Establishment of the Roman Empire

Octavian, later known as Augustus, became the first emperor of Rome, marking the end of the republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire. This era initiated a period of relative peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.

14 AD

Death of Augustus

The death of Augustus marked the transition to a succession of emperors, which continued to shape the political landscape of ancient Rome while further consolidating imperial power and influence over the Mediterranean.

64 AD

Great Fire of Rome

A catastrophic fire devastated Rome, leading to significant urban reforms under Emperor Nero. This event highlighted the vulnerabilities of the urban infrastructure in ancient Rome and prompted changes in building codes and city planning.

117 AD

Reach of the Roman Empire at its Height

Under Emperor Trajan, the Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, encompassing vast regions across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, demonstrating the military and administrative prowess of ancient Rome.

212 AD

Constitutio Antoniniana

Emperor Caracalla issued the Constitutio Antoniniana, granting Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire, further integrating diverse cultures within ancient Rome and enhancing civic participation.

284 AD

Reform by Diocletian

Emperor Diocletian introduced significant administrative and military reforms, which stabilized the empire temporarily and laid the groundwork for future governance, aiming to address the crises facing ancient Rome.

313 AD

The Edict of Milan, issued by Constantine, granted religious tolerance to Christians and marked a transformative period for ancient Rome, influencing the role of Christianity in the empire and wider society.

395 AD

The Roman Empire was permanently divided into Eastern and Western halves, a significant moment in the decline of ancient Rome that foreshadowed the eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire in the years to come.

476 AD

The last Roman emperor of the West, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed, marking the traditional date for the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the end of ancient Roman dominance in the West, paving the way for the Middle Ages.

1453 AD

The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire is often associated with the end of the ancient Roman influence, directly affecting the historical trajectory of Europe and marking the final end of the legacy of ancient Rome.