Английская революция History Timeline and Biographies

Long Parliament convenes

The Long Parliament was summoned by King Charles I in response to political and financial crises, marking the beginning of significant tensions between the monarchy and Parliament, which would escalate into the Английская революция.

Start of the English Civil War

The Английская революция officially began when King Charles I raised his standard in Nottingham, leading to armed conflict between his supporters and Parliament's forces, which escalated into a full-scale civil war.

Battle of Marston Moor

One of the largest battles of the Английская революция, the Parliamentarians achieved a decisive victory over the Royalists, significantly weakening Charles I's position and bolstering the Parliamentarian cause.

Formation of the New Model Army

The Parliamentarians established the New Model Army, a disciplined and effective fighting force that played a crucial role in the later successes of the Английская революция against the Royalists.

Charles I surrenders to the Scots

After a series of defeats, King Charles I surrendered to the Scots, marking a turning point in the Английская революция and leading to his eventual capture by Parliamentarian forces.

The Putney Debates

During the Putney Debates, discussions among the New Model Army's leaders and Levellers focused on the future of governance in England, highlighting revolutionary ideas about democracy and rights, which were central themes of the Английская революция.

Second Civil War

The Second Civil War erupted as King Charles I attempted to regain power, but the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, defeated the Royalists decisively once more, further solidifying the Parliamentarian position in the Английская революция.

Trial and execution of Charles I

In a historic moment of the Английская революция, King Charles I was tried for treason and executed, marking the end of monarchy in England and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

Cromwell becomes Lord Protector

Oliver Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, leading to a period of military and political rule that emerged from the chaos of the Английская революция, further transforming English governance.

Death of Oliver Cromwell

Cromwell's death led to a power vacuum and instability within the Commonwealth, revealing the fragility of the political changes initiated during the Английская революция.

Restoration of the Monarchy

The monarchy was restored with King Charles II, marking the end of the Английская революция and a return to royal rule, albeit with a new understanding of the limits of monarchical power established during the previous conflicts.

Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights

The Glorious Revolution further solidified the principles of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary sovereignty that emerged from the Английская революция, leading to the Bill of Rights which limited the powers of the monarchy and established civil liberties.

Act of Settlement

The Act of Settlement reinforced the Protestant succession and parliamentary authority, continuing the legacy of the Английская революция by ensuring that the monarchy could not unilaterally alter laws or govern without parliamentary consent.

Reform Act and Expansion of Democracy

The Reform Act of 1832 expanded the electoral franchise, a gradual realization of the democratic ideals that were central to the Английская революция, reflecting the ongoing evolution of political rights in England.