1873-1931 España History Timeline and Biographies

1873

Proclamation of the First Spanish Republic

In February 1873, following the abdication of King Amadeo I, the First Spanish Republic was proclaimed. This marked a significant shift from monarchy to a republican system, although it faced immediate challenges, including internal divisions and opposition from monarchists and federalists, which would plague its existence.

1874

Restoration of the Bourbon Monarchy

The First Spanish Republic was short-lived, collapsing in December 1874. General Manuel Pavía led a coup, and the Bourbon monarchy was restored with Alfonso XII, marking the end of the republican experiment and a return to traditional monarchy in 1873-1931 España.

1898

Spanish-American War and Loss of Colonies

The 1898 Spanish-American War resulted in a devastating defeat for España, leading to the loss of its colonies, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. This event marked a significant turning point in Spanish history, prompting introspection and a reevaluation of national identity and imperial ambitions.

1909

The Tragic Week in Barcelona

In July 1909, a series of violent protests erupted in Barcelona, known as the Tragic Week. The unrest was sparked by opposition to conscription for the Moroccan War, reflecting widespread discontent with the government and highlighting the growing tensions within Spanish society during 1873-1931 España.

1914

World War I and Economic Changes

Although España remained neutral during World War I, the conflict had significant economic implications. The war led to increased industrial production and agricultural exports, which temporarily boosted the economy, but also deepened social inequalities and tensions that would later resurface.

1923

Military Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera

In September 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera staged a coup, establishing a military dictatorship that lasted until 1930. This regime sought to restore order and stability in 1873-1931 España but ultimately faced criticism for its authoritarian measures and failure to address underlying social issues.

1930

Fall of Primo de Rivera's Regime

Primo de Rivera resigned in January 1930 amid growing opposition and economic difficulties. His departure marked the beginning of a political crisis in España, leading to increased calls for republicanism and reform as the country moved towards the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic.

1931

Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic

On April 14, 1931, following municipal elections that favored republican candidates, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. This marked a new chapter in 1873-1931 España, characterized by significant reforms in education, land, and governance, but also by rising tensions between various political factions.

1917

Crisis of 1917 and Political Turmoil

The year 1917 saw a political crisis in España, characterized by strikes and demands for democratic reforms. The crisis highlighted the weaknesses of the political system and contributed to the growing demand for change, setting the stage for future upheaval in 1873-1931 España.

1925

The Establishment of the Spanish Legion

In 1925, the Spanish Legion was created to bolster military efforts in Morocco. This development reflected the military's increasing influence in Spanish politics during 1873-1931 España and the ongoing conflicts in Spain's former colonies.

1929

The Great Depression Begins to Affect España

The onset of the Great Depression in 1929 had profound economic repercussions for 1873-1931 España, exacerbating unemployment and social unrest. The economic crisis contributed to the destabilization of the existing political order and increased support for radical political movements.

1930

Formation of the Republican Alliance

In 1930, various republican and socialist groups united to form the Republican Alliance, aiming to promote democratic governance and social reforms. This coalition played a crucial role in the political landscape of 1873-1931 España, leading to the eventual establishment of the Second Republic.

1931

Constitution of 1931 Adopted

The new Constitution of 1931 was adopted in December, laying the foundation for the Second Spanish Republic. It introduced progressive reforms, including universal suffrage and separation of church and state, reflecting the aspirations of the Spanish people during the tumultuous period of 1873-1931 España.